Cloud Seeding: Potential Solution for Rainfall Deficiency in India

Cloud seeding offers a viable and scientifically proven method to induce artificial rain and address rainfall deficiencies.

 

We are now almost halfway through the annual monsoon season and the rainfall patterns continue to show large variability. There exists the distinct possibility of deficient rainfall over the country. Until now, nine states have had deficient rainfall, while only six states have received normal or excess precipitation. (Ref: IMD, see image below)

Consider the situation in Maharashtra; although parts of the state, including cities like Mumbai, Kolhapur, and Nagpur have been drenched by heavy rains, districts such as Nasik, Aurangabad, and Jalgaon have shown significant rainfall deficit. 

The deficient and uneven distribution of rainfall has also resulted in extremely low water levels in dams across Maharashtra. 

 

See Table below:

One potential solution to this problem is cloud seeding, a form of weather modification that can induce artificial rain, given the right cloud formations / conditions. This technology, though available for a long time the world over, remains un-utilized in India. The last time cloud seeding was under serious consideration was in the year 2012. In the past 12 years, there have been no efforts by the government to seriously consider cloud seeding to mitigate the rainfall deficiencies. Not one single time!

 

What is Cloud Seeding?

 

Cloud seeding involves dispersing silver iodide into the air which helps formation of nuclei for water condensation or formation of water droplets, leading to small-scale weather modification within the cloud. The water droplets gradually increase in size to fall down as precipitation or rainfall.
The process can be performed using aircraft fitted with devices to disperse silver iodide solution. It can also be done using ground-based generators, which release the seeding material into the atmosphere. Once these particles reach the clouds, they stimulate the formation of rain droplets, increasing the likelihood of precipitation.

 

See representational image below: 

 

Proven Positive Results

 
The efficacy of cloud seeding has been demonstrated in various parts of the world. Countries like the United States, China, Australia and UAE have successfully employed this technique to enhance rainfall and alleviate droughts. China has an extensive cloud seeding program, which is said to have increased precipitation by up to 10-15% in target areas, especially catchment areas of dams and water reservoirs.

 

Environmental Impact of Cloud seeding 

 

Cloud seeding can significantly impact ecosystems in the region. The point to note is, the impact is positive. Impact includes, changes in precipitation patterns, modifications to water bodies and ground water levels, and disturbance in natural habitats of animals.

Need for Immediate Action

 
Maybe we should consult China or the UAE, or maybe we have enough expertise, but no intent. There is an urgent need for targeted action right now to increase the chances of success. The satellite imagery from IMD shows there is very good cloud cover now, which can have positive results. Delaying efforts until August when there is sparse cloud cover, would only aggravate the situation, leading to further water scarcity and suffering for the agricultural sector.
Additionally, investing time and money into cloud seeding technology and infrastructure can help India solve the problem of unpredictable monsoons. A strong cloud seeding program by the government will not only address the current deficit, but will enable us to prepare for rainfall shortage in the future.

Save water, save lives

Peregrine Falcon

Falco peregrinus

(Latin name for Perigine Falcon)
Size: 38-48cm

Features:

The falcon is a sizable bird, featuring a distinctive dark hood, striking white throat and cheek. Dark patches adorn the sides of its beak. The body is characterized by a dark grey hue, with white and black barred abdomen.

There exist several sub-species of this falcon, each adapted to the country of residence. The migratory variant captured in these pictures have a slightly lighter grey body.

They are solitary birds and skilled aerial hunters; either by scanning the terrain from air, or patiently observing from a lookout post, before striking with great speed.

Habitat: 

Chiefly near wetlands, or grassy plains near rivers. Occasionally found near urban habitations.

Food: 

Feeds on pigeons, doves, small birds, occasional rabbits and hare.

Picture location: 

Nandur Madhmeshwar Bird Sanctuary.

“One of the first conditions of happiness is that the link between man and nature shall not be broken.”
—Leo Tolstoy